ICR (CD-1®) outbred mice, originally derived from Swiss albino mice, are widely used in biomedical research due to their high reproductive performance, rapid growth, and strong adaptability to environment. These mice serve as excellent models in a broad range of research fields, including aging, toxicology, pharmacology, oncology, immunology, and vaccine research. Their robust health and genetic variability closely mirror the genetic diversity found in human populations, making them highly valuable in the field of medical research.
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In the sphere of toxicology research, ICR (CD-1®) outbred mice serve as a premier model due to their significant physiological resilience and genetic diversity. Their susceptibility to a wide variety of toxic agents offers researchers the opportunity to study not only the acute effects but also the chronic consequences of exposure to these substances. ICR mice are frequently employed in the testing of new drugs and chemicals to evaluate potential human health risks. Their robust health status equips them to withstand long-term studies, providing invaluable insights into the cumulative impacts of toxin exposure. Furthermore, the genetic variation within the ICR outbred population allows for the assessment of inter-individual differences in response to toxic agents, offering a closer approximation to human genetic diversity and response variability.
ICR mice have established themselves as a valuable model in the field of biomedical research due to several distinct features. Firstly, they exhibit a high reproduction rate with large litter sizes. Secondly, they have excellent immune responses, making them ideal for immunology related studies. Thirdly, ICR mice also showcase a robust health status and adaptability to a variety of environments. The genetic diversity of the ICR strain also provides a more realistic representation of the genetic diversity found in human populations. Lastly, they are a cost-effective choice, which is particularly important in large-scale, long-term studies.
In the realm of infectious disease research, ICR (CD-1®) mice are a versatile model due to their robust immune response and genetic diversity. They have been extensively utilized for studies related to a wide range of pathogens—from bacteria and viruses to parasites. These mice are particularly indispensable in research on infectious diseases that have a substantial genetic component to susceptibility. For instance, ICR mice have been used to explore host-pathogen interactions, disease progression, and potential vaccines and treatment options for conditions such as malaria, West Nile, Zika virus, and tuberculosis. The genetic diversity within the ICR population helps model the different responses to infections seen in human populations, contributing to the development of more effective and personalized treatment strategies. However, as with all models, researchers must consider the limitations and ensure their study design accounts for any potential confounding factors.
ICR (CD-1®) outbred mice exhibit remarkable genetic diversity, a critical factor that elevates their utility in biomedical research. This genetic diversity mirrors the heterogeneity found in human populations, thereby rendering them suitable for studies aiming to understand the effects of genetic variances on disease susceptibility and drug responses. The ICR mice are an outbred stock, meaning they have more genetic variation as compared to inbred strains, much like humans in a population. Furthermore, the genetic variation in ICR mice also provides unique insights into the role of genetics in individual responses to toxic agents, new drugs, and the development of personalized medicines.
This mouse strain is known for its albino coat, which is characterized by a lack of pigmentation. Along with its striking appearance, these mice have a docile disposition, making them easy to handle and work with in research settings. Additionally, they exhibit excellent reproductive and maternal characteristics, making them ideal for breeding studies.
However, it's important to note that this mouse stock also has a high incidence of retinal degeneration caused by the Pde6brd1Pde6brd1 mutation. Researchers should consider this when designing experiments involving visual function. Despite this genetic predisposition, these mice have a relatively large litter average of 11.5, which contributes to their popularity as a widely-used outbred mouse strain in various research fields.
Hsd:ICR (CD-1®) mouse model originated in Switzerland and traces back to two male and seven female albino non-inbred mice that were imported from Lausanne in 1926 by the Rockefeller Institute. Descendants of these mice were distributed globally, and in 1948, the Ha/ICR strain was established at the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR). A portion of the Ha/ICR colony was later transferred to the Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI). In 1959, Charles River Laboratories (CRL) obtained their breeding nucleus from RPMI and performed caesarean rederivation. Harlan acquired breeding stock from CRL in 1983. Harlan subsequently rebranded as Envigo in 2015, then Envigo was acquired by Inotiv in 2021.